Thus, an interpretation of the complement analysis remains elusive in the liver resection study, although no trends of increased complement activation were observed after Uniplas transfusion

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Thus, an interpretation of the complement analysis remains elusive in the liver resection study, although no trends of increased complement activation were observed after Uniplas transfusion. Liver resection, Cost-effectiveness Transfusion of ABO-incompatible blood components/products results in serious, ZEN-3219 often fatal transfusion reactions. ABO-incompatible transfusions and transfusion-related acute lung injury are today the leading transfusion-related causes of death in the developed world. 1 Anti-A or anti-B antibodies in donor plasma may destroy blood group A, B or AB red blood cells (RBCs) after transfusion (minor ABO incompatibility). However, such reactions are far less frequent and generally less severe after transfusion of incompatible plasma than after transfusions of mismatched RBCs (major ABO incompatibility).2 The antibody titer, administered volume and administration velocity of plasma are all factors of importance for the severity of the reaction, as antibodies in the transfused plasma are rapidly diluted and neutralized by free A and ZEN-3219 B antigens, possible anti-idiotypic antibodies and numerous antigen bearing cells in the blood and tissues of the recipient.3,4 However, because anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma can result in dosage dependent serious, even fatal, transfusion reactions,5 ABO-identical/compatible plasma is indicated for transfusion complicating logistics and increasing the risk for transfusion of incorrect plasma.6 Solvent/detergent (SD) treated plasma of blood group AB (Octaplas, Octapharma AG, Lachen, Switzerland), which contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies, has been successfully used for more than Rabbit Polyclonal to RyR2 10 years in emergency transfusions in Norway, irrespective of the patients ABO blood group.7 However, because the availability of blood group AB plasma is limited in Caucasians (4%), a universal plasma is an interesting alternative as it ZEN-3219 would make transfusions logistically easier and would be useful in emergency cases and in worst case scenarios, such as war. Universally applicable lyophilized plasma, prepared from pools of random plasma, was used during World War II by Allied Forces, and has been registered in the United Kingdom,8 as well as in other European countries, for use in emergency situations where it simplifies the logistics. However, this lyophilized plasma represents a high risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis. Uniplas, a pathogen reduced frozen universal plasma, was developed by Octapharma (Octapharma Pharmazeutika, PPGmbH, Vienna, Austria) and is made by proportionally pooling A, B and AB plasma in order to neutralize anti-A and anti-B antibodies with A and B antigens and possible anti-idiotypic antibodies in the plasma.3,4 Plasma of blood group O is not used because of its generally higher anti-A and anti-B IgM titre, increased content of immune anti-A and anti-B IgG, lack of neutralizing A and B antigens, and low levels of coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF). A similarly pathogen-reduced, universal lyophilized product, Bioplasma FDP, has been produced by the National Bioproducts Institute in South Africa by random pooling of low-titered plasma of all ABO blood types.9 Pathogen reduction is achieved by SD treatment,10 which is a well-documented and extremely effective method to eliminate enveloped viruses from plasma and plasma products.10,11 Potentially present nonenveloped viruses, such ZEN-3219 as hepatitis A virus and parvovirus B19, are not affected by SD treatment, but inhibited by neutralizing antibodies in the plasma pool and final product.12 SD-treated plasma has been used in Europe since ZEN-3219 1991 and, to date, more than 6 million units (200 ml/unit) have been transfused. Octaplas has been the most widely used product (>4.4 million units sold since launch). In the US, the SD-treated plasma called, PLAS+SD (Vitex, Watertown, MA), was certified in 1998, but continues to be withdrawn from the marketplace subsequently. Regardless of the known truth.