In a study developed in South Korean with 213 patients with COVID-19 confirmed, the median duration from the first symptom to RT-PCR confirmation was 14 days, and the median duration from RT-PCR confirmation to admission was 3 days [32]

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In a study developed in South Korean with 213 patients with COVID-19 confirmed, the median duration from the first symptom to RT-PCR confirmation was 14 days, and the median duration from RT-PCR confirmation to admission was 3 days [32]. 2020. Conference papers, reviews, published letters, editorials, studies in pregnant Rabbit Polyclonal to Galectin 3 women and children, and studies only reporting on a specific factor were excluded. An initial W-2429 search included as many as 83 articles. Out of the 83 screened articles, 32 were selected for full-text review. Sixteen studies were excluded because they did not analyze nervous system involvement in SARS-CoV-2 contamination. Thus, 16 papers were included in this review. There were three retrospective studies and 13 case reports/series of cases. Data from the current literature reveal that patients who suffer from a severe illness have more CNS involvement, neurological symptoms (i.e., dizziness, headache) and an association with strokes. The severe patients had higher D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels than non-severe patients and presented multiple organ involvement, such as serious liver, kidney and muscle damage. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: Neurologic manifestations, COVID-19, Nervous system, SARS-CoV-2, Stroke Introduction Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause enteric and respiratory diseases in humans and animals and are enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses [1]. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) had already been known for physicians [2, 3]. However, another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 in China and rapidly reached the world. This virus shares a highly homological sequence with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV [2, 3]. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in the brains of patients and experimental animals. However, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the central nervous system (CNS) is still not clear [2]. This review aimed to reveal the current knowledge regarding CNS manifestation in SARS-CoV-2. Methods To review the particularities of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with CNS involvement, an electronic search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed database between January 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020. Data extraction and the evaluation of literature quality were conducted independently by two investigators. Microsoft Excel database was used to record all available information. Any disagreement was resolved by another investigator. The following keywords with Boolean operators were used COVID-19 AND CNS or COVID-19 AND neurologic or COVID-19 AND stroke. A total of 74 articles were extracted. Moreover, we hand-searched (manual search) and included nine more articles. We only selected case reports, series of cases, retrospective studies and prospective studies. We included articles in all languages. Conference papers, reviews, published letters, editorials, studies in pregnant women and children, and studies only reporting on a specific factor were excluded. Our work is usually summarized in the PRISMA diagram below (Fig. 1). Open in a separate window Physique 1 PRISMA flow diagram. Case reports and series of cases were divided into two groups: the acute neurological manifestation W-2429 of COVID-19 and the later neurological manifestation of COVID-19. Besides, acute neurological manifestation of COVID-19 was divided into two subgroups: vascular disorder and inflammatory disorder. Results An initial search included as many as 83 articles. Out of the 83 screened articles, 32 were selected for full-text review. Sixteen studies were excluded because they did not analyze nervous system involvement in SARS-CoV-2 contamination. Thus, 16 papers were included in this review. There were three retrospective studies and 13 case reports/series of cases. Case reports and series of cases In a total of 13 case reports/series of cases that analyzed nervous system involvement, 26 cases were reported. In the W-2429 group of patients who developed acute vascular neurological manifestation, 19 patients were reported. The average age was 54.2 years and the more frequent gender was male (57.8%). Clinical W-2429 manifestations included general symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue, etc.) and neurological symptoms and motor deficit. The main underlying disease observed was hypertension (47.3%), followed by diabetes (31.5%) and hypercholesterolemia (26.3%). In blood investigation, 12 of 19 patients (63%) had higher D-dimer levels and six of 19 patients (31.5%) had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Abnormal chest image was reported in 10 of 19 patients (52.6%). In 94.7% of the cases, ischemic stroke was diagnosed and 11% of the patients developed hemorrhage transformation. W-2429 Intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in only one case (5.2%). The mortality rate in patients with acute vascular neurologic manifestation was 21%. Table 1 complements all of this information [4-9]. Table 1 Acute Vascular Neurological Manifestation in Patients With SARV-CoV-2 Contamination thead th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Study /th th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Patients /th th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Age (years) /th th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Gender /th th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ UD /th th align=”left” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ D-dimer /th th.